Humanism in philosophy Essay Example For Students

Humanism in theory Essay Humanism, in reasoning, disposition that accentuates the respect and worth of the person. A fundamental reason of humanism is that individuals are sound creatures who have inside themselves the limit with regards to truth and goodness. The term humanism is regularly used to depict an abstract and social development that spread through western Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years. This Renaissance recovery of Greek and Roman examinations stressed the estimation of the works of art for the good of their own, instead of for their importance to Christianity. The humanist development began in Italy, where the late medieval Italian journalists Dante, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch contributed extraordinarily to the revelation and protection of traditional works. Notice Humanist goals were strongly communicated by another Italian researcher, Pico della Mirandola, in his Oration on the nobility of man. The development was additionally invigorated by the flood of Byzantine researchers who came to Italy after the fall of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) to the Ottomans in 1453 and furthermore by the foundation of the Platonic Academy in Florence. The foundation, whose driving scholar was Marsilio Ficino, was established by the fifteenth century Florentine legislator and benefactor of human expressions Cosimo de Medici. The organization looked to resuscitate Platonism and had specific impact on the writing, painting, and design of the occasions. The assortment and interpretation of traditional original copies got boundless, particularly among the higher ministry and honorability. The creation of printing with versatile sort, around the mid-fifteenth century, gave a further catalyst to humanism through the dispersal of releases of the works of art. In spite of the fact that in Italy humanism grew basically in the fields of writing and craftsmanship, in focal Europe, where it was presented predominantly by the German researchers Johann Reuchlin and Melanchthon, the development reached out into the fields of religious philosophy and training, and was a significant hidden reason for the Reformation. One of the most powerful researchers in the advancement of humanism in France was the Dutch priest Desiderius Erasmus, who additionally had a significant influence in bringing the development into England. There humanism was certainly settled at the University of Oxford by the English traditional researchers William Grocyn and Thomas Linacre, and at the University of Cambridge by Erasmus and the English prelate John Fisher. From the colleges it spread all through English society and made ready for the incredible prospering of Elizabethan writing and culture.

Conjugate Trouver (to Find) in French

Conjugate Trouver (to Find) in French In French, the verbâ trouverâ means to discover. This is somewhat simpler to recollect whether you consider finding a fortune trove. Past that, youll likewise need to retain the action words conjugations so as to make statements like the current state finding and the past tense found. A fast exercise will acquaint you with the fundamental conjugations ofâ trouverâ youll need. The Basic Conjugations of Trouver Action word conjugations in French are somewhat trickier than they are in English. Where we use - ing and - ed endings to show the present and past tenses, French uses another closure for each subject pronoun inside each strained. That implies you have more words to remember. The uplifting news for French understudies is thatâ trouverâ is aâ regular - er action word. It follows the most well-known conjugation designs found in the French language, so the endings you learn here can likewise be applied to various different action words. Well start the exercise with the demonstrative state of mind, which incorporates the essential present, future, and flawed past tenses. When you realize that the action words radical (or stem) isâ trouv-, you can apply the fitting completion. The outline will assist you with considering these words. Essentially pair the subject pronoun with the correct tense for your sentence. For instance, I am discovering isâ je trouveâ and we discovered isâ nous trouvions. Rehearsing these in setting will accelerate your retention and there are numerous commonâ expressions withâ trouverâ that can get you out. Present Future Defective je trouve trouverai trouvais tu trouves trouveras trouvais il trouve trouvera trouvait nous trouvons trouverons trouvions vous trouvez trouverez trouviez ils trouvent trouveront trouvaient The Present Participle of Trouver For normal action words, adding - insect to the action word stem shapes the current participle. For trouver, that makes the word trouvant. Trouverâ in the Compound Past Tense Past the defective, you can likewise utilize the compound past tense known as theâ passã © composã ©. This requires a straightforward development utilizing theâ auxiliary verbâ avoirâ and theâ past participleâ trouvã ©. The main conjugation you have to stress over here is for avoir. Youll utilize the current state that coordinates the subject, at that point append the past participle. For instance, I discovered isâ jai trouv㠩â and we discovered isâ nous avons trouvã ©. Increasingly Simple Conjugations of Trouver Among the other basic conjugations youll need to examine forâ trouverâ are the subjunctive and the contingent. The two of them have some level of vulnerability in the demonstration of finding, with the restrictive suggesting that its subject to something different occurring. There may likewise be times when youll experience or utilize the passã © simpleâ orâ imperfect subjunctive. In any case, the entirety of different structures ought to be your top need as these are just utilized once in a while. Subjunctive Contingent Passã © Simple Defective Subjunctive je trouve trouverais trouvai trouvasse tu trouves trouverais trouvas trouvasses il trouve trouverait trouva trouvã ¢t nous trouvions trouverions trouvã ¢mes trouvassions vous trouviez trouveriez trouvã ¢tes trouvassiez ils trouvent trouveraient trouvã ¨rent trouvassent The imperativeâ formâ is the one in particular that doesnt require the subject pronoun. Its utilized in short sentences and rather ofâ tu trouve, you can improve it toâ trouve. Basic (tu) trouve (nous) trouvons (vous) trouvez

Average Blood Alcohol Content in Men by Weight

Average Blood Alcohol Content in Men by Weight February 19, 2020 Verywell / Daniel Fishel More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is what determines how intoxicated you get from drinking alcohol and varies by your sex and body weight. Also known as blood alcohol content, BAC is used for both legal or medical purposes. In the United States, a BAC of 0.10 (one-tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 milliliters (mL) of blood. According to the law, the legal limit for operating a motor vehicle is 0.08 for drivers 21 and over, and a BAC of 0.0 to 0.02 for drivers under 21 (depending on the state).?? How Long Is Alcohol Detected in Blood Tests? Blood Alcohol in Men The blood alcohol concentration differs significantly between men and women, with women tending to have higher BAC than men of the same age and weight. Moreover, men are able to metabolize alcohol faster because they have highly active forms of an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in their stomach and their liver.?? Even so, the time it takes a man to metabolize a single alcoholic beverage is not one hour, as some would have you believe. Depending on your weight, it can take far longer. On average, one standard American drink will produce a blood alcohol concentration of between 0.02 and 0.04. Most light and moderate drinkers will feel subtle effects at this level. After One Drink Most people will tell you that one drink is no big deal. While some men may respond to a single drink with a little tipsiness, others may appear entirely unaffected. That doesnt mean that theyve cleared the alcohol from the body; it simply means that their brains are more accustomed to alcohol and wont react as profoundly. As a general rule, the average speed of metabolism (in which the alcohol is fully broken down and no longer present in blood) will be slower the smaller a man is.?? The effects of drinking, therefore, can vary as can speed by which the BAC returns to normal. For example: At 100 pounds, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 after one drink. If he drinks it over one hour, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.02, and if he drinks it over two hours, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.01. Only after three hours will he have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.00.At 150 pounds, a man will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.03 after one drink. If he drinks it over one hour, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.01, and after two hours, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.00.At 200 pounds, a man will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.02 after one drink. If he drinks it over one hour, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.003, and after two hours, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.00. After just one drink, it will take around two hours for the BAC to return to zero, even in larger men. After Two Drinks Two standard American drinks will, on average, produce a blood alcohol concentration of about 0.04, and most light and moderate drinkers will feel relaxed at this level. Even if you dont feel the effects of intoxication, your reaction times will be slowed and your fine motor skills will be affected to the extent that driving will be impaired. After two drinks, the metabolism of alcohol in men will further slow,?? meaning that you will have to wait longer before you get behind the wheel. For example: At 100 pounds, a man will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 after two drinks. If he drinks them over one hour, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.06, and if he drinks them over two hours, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04. After three hours, his blood alcohol concentration will be down to 0.03, after four hours, it will be down to 0.01, and only after five hours will he have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.00.At 150 pounds, a man will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05 after two drinks. If he drinks them over one hour, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04, and after two hours, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.02. After three hours, his blood alcohol concentration will be down to 0.003, and after four hours, it will be down to 0.00.At 200 pounds, a man will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 after two drinks. If he drinks them over one hour, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.004, and a fter two hours, he will have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.00. After two drinks, it will take between four and six hours for your BAC to return to zero. After Three Drinks Three American standard drinks will produce, on average, a blood alcohol concentration of about 0.06.?? The negative effects of alcohol start to show, judgment will be impaired, often affecting people’s ability to make rational decisions, particularly around risk-taking activities such as driving or sex. Perception, memory, coordination, alertness, and self-control will also be impaired. After a man has three standard drinks, the equation changes even further: At 100 pounds, a man will have a BAC of 0.11. If he drinks them over one hour, he will have a BAC of 0.10, and if he drinks them over two hours, he will have a BAC of 0.08. After three hours, his BAC will still be at 0.07, and after four hours, it will be at 0.05. After five hours, it will be down to 0.03, after six hours, it will be at 0.02, and after six hours, it will be at 0.001. Only after a whopping seven hours will he have a BAC of 0.00.At 150 pounds, a man will have a BAC of 0.08. If he drinks them over one hour, he will have a BAC of 0.06, and after two hours, he will have a BAC of 0.04. After three hours, his BAC will be down to 0.03, and after four hours, it will be down to 0.01. By five hours, it will be down to 0.00.At 200 pounds, am will have a BAC of 0.06. If he drinks them over one hour, he will have a BAC of 0.004, and after two hours, he will have a BAC of 0.02. After three hours, his BAC will be down to 0.01, and after four hours, it will be down to 0.00. By the time youve consumed three drinks, you may already be well over the legal alcohol limit, especially if you weigh 150 pounds or less. After Six Drinks The effects noted at the three drink level (or a BAC of 0.06) will become more pronounced with each additional drink. Six drink will produce a BAC of about 0.12 unless the alcohol consumed over a long period of time.?? The speed by which a man would reach this level would vary: At 100 pounds, a man would reach a BAC of 0.12 by drinking three drinks in less than one hour or four drinks over two hours.At 150 pounds, a man would reach this level by consuming six drinks over two to three hours.At 200 pound, a man would reach this level if he drank six drinks in less than one hour. If these people drank more slowly, it might take eight or nine drinks to reach this level over two or three hours. When the BAC reaches 0.12, vomiting is not uncommon. It is the body’s first line of defense against alcohol poisoning. More Than Six Drinks After six drinks, the BAC and symptoms of severe intoxication and poisoning rapidly increase:?? After seven to eight drinks, your BAC will have reached 0.15 (or the equivalent of half a pint of whiskey). Most people have difficulty walking in a straight line at this point.After 10 drinks, your BAC will have reach 0.2. By this stage, most people will blackout and have no little or memory of what happened. In younger people, this level can be fatal.After 15 drinks, the BAC will have reached 0.3. Unconsciousness is all but inevitable.After 20 drinks, the BAC will have reached 0.45, a dose considered fatal for adults. Death usually occurs as a result of cardiac or respiratory arrest. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, six people die of alcohol poisoning in the United States every day, or roughly 2,200 deaths annually. A Word From Verywell In general, three drinks or more will produce negative effects. These negative effects will increase the more you drink and the more quickly you drink. Because you feel up and emboldened, you may not even be aware of how badly you are impaired. These effects can be particularly pronounced in smaller men. If you are driving, the evidence is clear that you are safer not drinking at all. Research also shows that the severity of life-threatening motor vehicle accidents increases significantly at BACs far lower than the current U.S. limit of 0.08. It is also worth noting that the majority of sexual assaults occur when one or both people have been drinking. So having more than three drinks at a bar, club, or party may leave you vulnerable to impropriate and harmful behaviors. If you are unable to stick to two drinks, you may need to consider whether you have a drinking problem. Even if you only binge occasionally, cravings and the inability to control your intake are signs of alcoholism that people often missed. Signs and Symptoms of Alcoholism

Nature vs. Nurture Parents or Environment Essay example

Whether raised by parents properly or heavily influenced by the environment, many people debate whether an individual is mostly influenced by genetics or influenced by their environment. A person’s environment can have multiple influences, but the genes passed down by parents play a huge role in developing how their offspring will turn out to be. Being unable to properly test whether certain characteristics of a person come from genetics or the influences of the environment makes this theory very difficult to understand, thus making the topic of nature vs. nurture extremely controversial. The debates always show that nature and nurture contrast but then there may be evidence that suggest that the two are linked and a person is actually an†¦show more content†¦With a classic subtopic of Nature vs. Nurture, Shanawaz describes language and how we learn to speak. The author is trying to persuade that we acquire a lot of our language by our environment as well as our genet ics but the environment has a greater impact. The intended audiences once again are empiricists and nativists because the article has a special focus on those groups explaining rationale on why both of those groups can be correct regarding how a human develops language. The author emphasizes the big overarching debate of nature and nurture in the linguistic section including LAD (language acquisition device) and UG (Universal Grammar). I don’t think that there was any bias because it seemed that the author listed solid facts that are credible. The evidence does support the main points because he stated a lot of facts and use resources of psychologists like Chomsky. McLeod explains the information really well in this article and it is a very simple red. He focuses on the debate at its simplest form. And the author is trying to provide basic information about nature and nurture to the audience and the audience can be anyone who is generally interested in psychology or anyone who wants an informational read. The author intends to clearly and simply explain the great debate that has created a lot of controversy. The author doesn’t really emphasize a lot, he keeps it simple and consistent. I believe that there are no biases because he mentionedShow MoreRelatedNature vs Nurture: Do Genes Or Environment Matter More? Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesNature versus nurture has emerged as one of the most heated debates in the 21st century. It is more aligned towards the internal and external factors that comprise human beings behavior. The internal factors are innate and perceived to be genetically revolved as opposed to the external factors that ar e influenced by the environment and individuals’ experiences. However, scholars in different fields have researched on the relationship between nature and nurture without due success and this has createdRead MoreChild Development: Heredity and Environment1240 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween nature versus nurture or even environment versus heredity leads to the question of: does the direct environment or the nature surrounding an adolescent directly influence acts of delinquency, later progressing further into more radical crimes such as murder or psychotic manifestation, or is it directly linked to the hereditary traits and genes passed down from that individual adolescent’s biological parents? To answer this question one must first understand the difference between nature, nurtureRead MoreNature vs Nurture, a Not Quite a Twin1684 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs Nurture A Not Quite Twin Study Tamara Richardson Seminole State College of Florida Abstract This paper is going to discuss the Nature vs Nurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. InterviewsRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in sociology (Davidson, 1991, n.p.). The debate centers on the relative contributions of genetics and environmental factors to human behavior (Davidson, 1991, n.p.). Today, the majority of experts believe that behavior and development are influenced by both nature and nurture (Macionis, 2009, p. 73). The biggest question now is which one affects human development more: nature or nurture? According to Macionis (2009, p. 72), in the pastRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture The discussion about nature and nurture can be considered one of the oldest problems in psychology, the main question of which is: Are human traits present at birth or are they developing through experience? (Meyers, 2013). The natural side of the discussion asserts that the facial features and the way of their development strictly through DNA and genetics are transmitted by parents and grandparents. The nurture side of the debate argues that we are born with a clean list andRead MoreCreativity : Nature Vs. Nurture907 Words   |  4 PagesCreativity: Nature vs. Nurture As a child, I loved lying on the living room floor, crayons in hand, creating a masterpiece for my mother to camouflage our refrigerator. Throughout my childhood and adolescent years, I was fortunate enough to realize my creative potential. I often think about what exactly attributed to my creative ability. For a long time the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentiallyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture901 Words   |  4 Pagestime the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inheritedRead MorePsychology, Nature Vs. Nurture971 Words   |  4 Pagesfound in the classic debate in Psychology, Nature vs. Nurture. Aggression is caused by learned behavior, not through genetics. There are two sides of this debate, Nature and Nurture. Nature refers to something that you’re born with and are not able to change. People that follow this are called Nativists. They believe that the traits that you have are passed down through genetics. Nurture means that your personality traits are based on your environment. For example, the conditions under which youRead MoreGenetics Human Behavior Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pageshaving clones, people can, in some measure, have more of themselves in the world and thereby make a bigger impact. 2) Parents can replace a dying child with a genetically identical new one. 3) Parents can produce a clone of a sick child to provide bone marrow or other lifesaving bodily elements that can be provided with relatively modest risk to the clone. 4) Parents, both of whom have a lethal recessive gene, can produce a child by cloning rather than risk the one-in-four chance thatRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1427 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Parents who discipline their child by discussing the consequences of their actions produce children who have better moral development, compared to children whose parents use authoritarian methods and punishment.† The nature Vs nurture debate has been around since 1690 created by the philosopher John Locke who believed we as humans do not have natural, inborn ideas; that our minds are a blank page, upon which experience shall write. Nurture is everything and nature is simply nothing. â€Å"Nature is

Bioethanol, a Potential Fuel Revolution

Simply put, bioethanol is ethanol (alcohol) that is derived exclusively from the fermentation of plant starches. Though ethanol can be extracted as a byproduct from a chemical reaction with ethylene and other petroleum products, these sources are not considered renewable and therefore disqualify most ethanol from being considered bioethanol. Chemically, bioethanol is identical to ethanol and can be represented by either the formula C2H6O or C2H5OH. Really, bioethanol is a marketing term for the products that do not have immediate harm to the environment through the burning and use of natural gas. It can be fermented from sugar cane, switchgrass, grains, and agricultural waste.   Environmental Benefits of Bioethanol Fuel All fuel combustion  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  regardless of how eco-friendly it is  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  generates dangerous emissions that harm the Earths atmosphere. However, the burning of ethanol, especially bioethanol, has far fewer emissions than gasoline or coal. For that reason, the burning of bioethanol, especially in vehicles that can use fuels derived from them, is much better for the environment than some other alternative fuel sources.   Ethanol, in general, reduces greenhouse emissions by up to 46 percent compared to gasoline, and the added bonus of bioethanol not relying on harmful chemical processing means it further minimizes the harmful effects of gasoline use. According to the United States Energy Information Administration,  unlike gasoline, pure ethanol is non-toxic and biodegradable, and it quickly breaks down into harmless substances if spilled. Still, no fuel combustion is good for the environment, but if you must drive a car for work or pleasure, consider switching to a flex-fuel vehicle capable of processing ethanol-gasoline blends. Other Types of Biofuel Biofuels can be broken down into five types: bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biobutanol, and biohydrogen. Like bioethanol, biodiesel is derived from plant matter. Specifically, the fatty acids in vegetable oils are used to create a powerful substitute through a process known as transesterification. In fact, McDonalds now converts much of its vegetable oil to biodiesel to reduce their companys large carbon footprint. Cows actually produce methane in such large amounts in their burps that theyre one of the largest contributors to emissions in the natural world, an issue that is impacted significantly by commercial farming. Methane is a type of biogas which is produced during digestion of biomass or the burning of wood (pyrolysis). Sewage and manure can also be used to create biogas. Biobutanol and biohydrogen  are both yielded through biological means of further breaking down butanol and hydrogen from the same materials as bioethanol and biogas. These fuels are common replacements for their synthetic or chemically engineered (more harmful) counterparts. Source Biofuels explained. U.S. Energy Information Administration, October 23, 2019, Washington, DC.

Labor Management Relations Free Essays

Katszuba’s write-up, which appears in the Star Tribune, is similar to Lulli and Henson’s (2006) article in two aspects. First, both articles tackle issues associated with labor union organizing. Katszuba’s article describes a problem associated with efforts to organize a labor union in an office that appears to be exempt from labor union organizing according to State Laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Management Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the same manner, Lulli and Henson are interested in the dynamics of labor union organizing in a growingly difficult environment where businesses are more interested in reducing labor costs and retaining their competitive advantage. Another similarity is that both articles present the political factors that affect labor union organizing wherein both explore the political motives behind union formation. Both Katszuba’s and Lulli and Henson’s article presents the agenda behind union organizing for the employees and other interest groups and personalities. On the other hand, there are differences between Katszuba’s report and Lulli and Henson’s (2006) article in terms of data and facts presented, specific issues raised, and the perspective from which the general issue of labor union organizing is discussed. Lulli and Henson’s article clearly present the general business and economic environment where labor unions are situated, the factors that promote labor union organizing activities, and the political, social, technological, and internal business practice agenda forwarded by the labor movement. They attempt to provide a wide understanding of the innovations in strategies and tactics employed by labor unions in general. Meanwhile, Katszuba describes a more particular scenario involving the organizing efforts of a labor union at the State Attorney General’s office. His article focuses more on the conflicting interests between the labor union, the State Attorney General as employer, and the employees of the Attorney General’s office. Likewise, Lulli and Henson raises the issue of the political, economic, and social impact of more advanced strategies and tactics used by labor unions to further their sectoral interests. The article discusses in detail the various ways in which labor unions are able to influence legislation, pressure politicians and investors into keeping businesses that are deemed anti-labor from opening new markets in some states, expand membership through a planned recruitment strategy targetting the younger generation of workers, take advantage of technology to advance their organizing efforts and reach a wider audience, and turning mergers and other business activities into opportunities to consolidate and strengthen their ranks. Lulli and Henson note how the results of credible surveys such and polls point to an uptrend for labor union power, support, and influence among the population and how an environment that is supportive of labor unions is encouraged by political and economic developments. They therefore give credit to the labor unions for being able to stand up for their interests and being able to come up with better strategies in organizing. At the same time, the authors observe that human resource professionals must be able to take note and study these developments in the labor movement critically in order to formulate appropriate approaches and tactics in dealing with increased union activity. Katszuba, on the other hand, highlights the tensions and problems created by the labor union organizing attempts in the State Attorney General’s office between employer and employees and within the labor union movement itself due to the â€Å"illegality† of labor organizing in the AG’s office. Likewise, the article not only raises the question of the validity of establishing a labor union in the State Attorney General’s office but also the question of motive in such efforts. To this effect, the article presents the controversy that a former candidate for the State General’s Office is behind the labor organizing efforts and is fanning the embers of employee dissatisfaction in order to destabilize the Office and embarrass the incumbent Attorney General. The question of motive is a crucial point in this article since it influences the reader’s perception of the trouble arising from labor union activities and seems to discredit the efforts of the labor union to gain employee representation by ascribing their motives to an external force other than the employees. The main difference between the two articles lies in the perspective from which union activities and tactics are discussed. Lulli and Henson’s article approaches the subject of evolving labor union strategies academically and in a neutral manner. They present the data in a way that attempts to provide Human Resource personnel with useful information on handling labor union organizing efforts and activities. In contrast, Katszuba’s article presents the story of the â€Å"organizing flap† in the Attorney General’s office in a more sensationalized manner. Although there is an attempt to establish objectivity by presenting both sides of the contending parties, the article is unfortunately lacking in more detailed explanation of the legislative factor that renders the organizing activities illegal. Thus, Mike Katszuba’s report on the â€Å"organizing flap in the AG’s office† and Lulli and Henson’s (2006) article on â€Å"union organizing trends and tactics† are similar in that they examine the phenomenon and issues of labor union organizing. However, a deeper scrutiny of the two articles reveals that while there may be similarities between these reports, there are also salient differences in terms of the facts they present, the issues they raise, and the perspective and objectives that the respective authors wish to impart to their readers.    How to cite Labor Management Relations, Essay examples

Kirk Samuda Riordan Manufacturing free essay sample

Mr. Jeffrey Mc Nickle Riordan Manufacturing must acknowledge that the initiation of any project can get a black eye because of implementation problems. As such, they should realize that the major overall problem with implementation is that complexities associated with it, usually occurs when the solution is deployed. Hence, many of the details of implementation must be planned ahead of time. The HR amp; IT departments cannot start planning for implementation at the same time that the actually implementing is occurring. It must be noted, that the implementation stage of this project is where all the information gathered in the prior phases begin to take on a shape. This phase will reflect the construction of the detailed project results, this is where things are done, and a momentum is kicked into gear via the preparation of many programmers, who will be busy writing codes, as contractors are constructing, and Systems Analyst are frantically involved in developing materials. Diagram shows the six steps involved in the implementation phase. Coding Coding Installation Testing Documentation Training Support The first activity involved in the implementation phase is the coding activity. Riordan Manufacturing must now prepare for the designing of a system that puts into account all the information that was gathered during the prior 3 phases. Upon completion, the next sub activity required is for the programmers to commence the coding phase and to translate the design of the system into codes using the most appropriate and effective programming language. For an authorized HRIS design, the objective of this coding phase is to implement the HRIS structure in the best possible way. The coding phase will affect both the testing and maintenance activities profoundly. A set of strategically well written codes will reduce the testing and maintenance activities. However, Since the testing and maintenance cost of software are much higher than the coding cost, the objective of writing codes is intended to reduce the testing and maintenance effort. Hence, during coding the focus should be on developing programs that is easy to write. Clarity and simplicity should be of the highest importance during the coding phase. For The HRIS to be successfully coded, an important concept that helps simplify the application is structured programming. Riordan Manufacturing must emphasize on using structured programming for the development of its HRIS, with the goal being the arrangement and control flow of the application. Simplified, this means the program text should be organized in a sequence of statements that executes in a manner which makes it quite traceable. An example of what codes are, can be seen below. 10PRINT â€Å" Riordan Manufacturing Corporation â€Å" Testing the software will provide to Riordan’s management, an independent and objective view of the software, which allows Riordan Manufacturing to understand and appreciate all the processes invested in software implementation. Test techniques include the process of executing a program with the intent of finding software errors. It is very important for the managers of Riordan Manufacturing to play a role in the software testing process, and be informed of the pre-requisites or sub-processes involved in the validation of the computer program. These sub-processes must * meet the requirements that guided its design and development, * work as expected, * be implemented with the same characteristics, * satisfy the needs of stakeholders. According to Wikipedia. com, software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process. Traditionally most of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed, but in the agile approaches most of the test effort is on-going. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the chosen software development methodology. The process of testing, is normally preceded by strategic coding by programmers, who normally initiate software testing as they write codes. This most naturally, is dependent on the testing method employed, and may be implemented at any point during the development process. Because of the urgency for this application, it is recommended that Riordan Manufacturing, take advantage of a more traditional model, where most of the test execution occurs after each module is defined and coded, and after the coding process has been completed. The design below is an example of the first stages of Coding the HRIS 10PRINT â€Å" Riordan Manufacturing Corporation â€Å"; SPC 20PRINT â€Å" Human Resources Information System (HRIS) † 30 PRINT â€Å" Copyright for Riordan Manufacturing 2013 – 2014† SPC;SPC 40INPUT ; PRINT â€Å" Please enter your Employee Pass code, †; EMPLPCODE 50IF EMPLPCODE = â€Å"X†, THEN 100 ELSE 200 100PRINT â€Å" Welcome to RMC – HRIS version 1. 0 â€Å" 200PRINT â€Å" Error Log – There is a problem with the software, debugging†¦. † The results of the test, reflecting the actual codes after execution are important deliverables. The diagram below shows the results of the codes written above. Because the process may be different for each computer, The HRIS program may be designed with an installer, which is a special program responsible for all the necessary functions during installation. Hence, the actual job to install this HRIS application and its configuration can be performed by the IT Staff of Riordan, or anyone familiar with computers. The fourth activity in the implementation phase is called the documentation activity, at this point the software has been written and tested, and must be documented on different premises. There are various types of documentation that accompanies the various processes or activities within the implementation phase, these are source code documentation which is the written text that comes with HRIS codes, that simply either explains how it operates or how to use it, and may mean various things to individuals in different roles. It must be noted that documentation is an integral function of the engineering of this HRIS application. There are a few types of documentation that are very important prior to the completion of the implementation. They are the Requirements Documentation and the End User Documentation. The Requirements Documentation will include the capabilities, qualities, attributes, and characteristics of the HRIS, reflecting the foundation for what has been designed and implemented, and how the new HRIS will function. The End User Documentation is very descriptive of the individual options and features of the new Application, and will assist the user in realizing and effectively using all the features of the new HRIS. Simplicity and consistency are valuable tools as they constitute a software contract specifying functionalities outlined within the initial design. The fifth and sixth activities in the implementation phase are the training and support activities. It is very important that Riordan Manufacturing have their IT Team, train all members of staff on how to effectively use this new HRIS, or its intended purpose will be defeated. Training is the conduit that brings people to the software, which ultimately will reflect the intended purpose of the development, and generate the expected results. Maintaining and supporting the HRIS is very important as it ensures that problems as they occur are corrected, and that changes that bring out the expected resolve are done promptly and for the benefit of Riordan. Conclusively, the benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for the implementation stage will show that companies such as Riordan will have a higher rate of success. The development of repeatable processes reduces unwanted variation and allows for the more efficient use of limited resources. It’s very essential that an ongoing collaboration between HR and IT be realized so as to permit the continued updating of the organizations goals and objectives and the education of stakeholders. Imperative to the defined processes, is a concise documentation and understanding of the current business culture; and the application of these insights towards the development of repeatable processes which align with the desired business results of Riordan Manufacturing’s ability to find its significant process variations and gaps. References www. Wikipedia. com http://www. tdktech. com/repeatable-processes

World Literature gods and goddess Flashcard

World Literature gods and goddess

Analysis Of Starbucks Five Forces And Value Chain Case Study

Analysis Of Starbucks Five Forces And Value Chain Case Study Analysis Of Starbucks Five Forces And Value Chain – Case Study Example Analysis of Starbucks Five forces and value chain The porters five forces are used, in theory, to analyse the industry and develop a strategy. The effects include competition, consumers, suppliers, substitution of products. Their relationship is explained diagrammatically as below.Starbucks as a global coffee company generated $14.9 billion in revenues in the year 2013. It has a network of over 200,000 partners. Competition: it faces a lot of competition from well-established operators within the industry like McDonalds, Caribou Coffee and Costa. Customer bargaining is very high on its side due to low switching costs. In addition, there is a significant threat to its substitutes from tea, water, soft drinks among many others. Their suppliers also have a very high bargaining power due to the vast demand for coffee while only a few places favor its production. However, there is little threat concerning entrants because of the saturation of the market and massive investments required to establish operations into the market (Lee 2014). Value Chain Analysis allows the firm to know varied aspects of its operation. These include infrastructure, human resources, technology development and procurement. The analysis exists as primary activities and supports roles. Inbound logistics of Starbucks involves establishment and communication of Coffee quality. The company operates in over 50 countries through its licensed stores. Outbound logistics includes sales of the products directly through its stores (Lee 2014). There is little involved in marketing as the quality sells itself. However, the company provides high-level customer service as stipulated in its mission statement.Support services involve infrastructures such as well defined management planning, finance, accounting and legal support. HR is seen by the company as the most valuable asset and accorded the necessary requisite to work. The company uses technology to save on its costs and to bust efficiency and effecti veness. Its procurement wing deals with purchases required in production (Lee 2014).ReferencesLee, H. (2014). Starbucks Building supply chain excellence. New York: Springer.

Improvement of Wheel and Joint of Luggage Assignment

Improvement of Wheel and Joint of Luggage - Assignment Example This paper relates to the process of identifying the best materials for use in luggage wheels. Its aim is to investigate and propose alternative materials that can improve the durability of luggage wheels at competitive cost. Trends in Development of Wheeled Luggage Wheeled luggage is one of the innovations created to ease travel. Over the last one hundred years, there has been an increase in the number of people travelling across the world. This is because of technological breakthrough in aviation, sailing, and motor vehicle engineering. Travelers include students, tourists, and business executives. Wheeled luggage makes traveling very convenient. It makes it easy for travelers to tow their luggage easily without straining their backs. Today, there are various versions of wheeled luggage, which include duffel bags, carry-on bags, backpacks, and totes. They all aim at making travelling easier for people. Most of them have telescopic arms that allow travelers to tow the bag without be nding. The design of the luggage wheels is the weak link in the luggage design. Once the wheels are out of service, the luggage becomes cumbersome to carry. Most of them do not have features that allow travelers to carry them easily. The choice of material for the luggage wheels determines the degree of durability of the luggage. A well-designed luggage may become useless if its wheels break down regardless of the durability of the luggage. In this sense, the life of luggage depends on the durability of the wheels. Performance Specifications of Luggage Wheels There are three key conditions that luggage wheels need to meet in order to perform optimally. These are the ability to support the weight of the luggage, ability to handle torque and friction during motion, and the capacity to carry the full weigh of the luggage without collapsing. When the luggage is in motion, the entire weight of the luggage rests on the axles of the wheel. This means that the wheels require the capacity to support this weight without breaking. The popular models of the luggage have two wheels located axially. The design of the axle must take into account the forces acting in the wheels. Poor design or poor choice of material for the axle predisposes it to sagging. In this situation, the wheels can lose their alignment leading to increase in frictional forces leading to quicker wear and tear (Ashby and Jones 418). The second performance issue is that the wheel must be able to handle torque when the luggage is in motion. The specific requirement here is the capacity to retain rigidity (Ashby and Jones 419). The wheel must also handle the shear forces on the surface and body of the wheel without losing consistency. The third aspect that the wheel must handle satisfactorily is friction between the wheels and the axle. A poor design or choice of material for the wheel may lead to enlargement of the centre of the wheel. In summary, apart from environmental factors, a luggage wheel must mee t the following performance specifications. 1. Ability to support the entire weight of the luggage 2. Ability to withstand frictional forces at the axle 3. Ability to shear forces on t

Writing about the cost of Surveillance intervention for TB in india (( Coursework

Writing about the cost of Surveillance intervention for TB in india (( see the instructions to fully understand the paper)) - Coursework Example The cost of ear loop facemasks costs $5-10 for a pack of 50; hence, each person will be allocated two packs and the totalling $20 per person. The cost of facemask with a satellite system and cough samplers is unknown (Voice of America, 2014). Reliable monthly-unlimited corporate Internet, phone services in India cost averages $50 per month (Li & Ninan-Moses, 2010). In addition, writing materials will cost $3 each and over 500 units will be required. Furuno, J. P., Schweizer, M. L., McGregor, J. C., & Perencevich, E. N. (2009). Economics of infection control surveillance technology: Cost-effective or just cost? Am J Infect Control, 36 (3), S12–S17. Hausler, H. P., Sinanovic, E., Kumaranayake, L., Naidoo, P., & Schoeman, H. (2006). Costs of measures to control tuberculosis/HIV in public primary care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84, 528-536. Li, C., & Ninan-Moses, B. (2010). An International Comparison of Cell Phone Plans and Prices. Retrieved from

Age Related Nuclear Cataract Treatment

Age Related Nuclear Cataract Treatment P750 LOGBOOK 5 STUDENT ID : 6469969 Age related nuclear cataract is the anterior segment disease and it is the clouding of ocular lens characterized by reduced antioxidant levels in the lens core. Antioxidant cystine is a amino acid having molecular weight 240.3 g/mol and solubility of 50 mg/ml in 1 M Hcl is used to prevent cataract formation. To treat cataract, cystine is applied topically in the form of eye drops. The factors that reduce cystine bioavailability are, Tear film :- Topically applied drugs will first encounter tear film and it is considered as first protective structure. Nasolacrimal drainage system :- After the application cystine eye drops tear fluid turnover doubles it is called as washout effect. Due to pH and foreign body sensation reflex tearing will occur. Cornea :- It is the main mechanical barrier. Due to its sandwich like structure drugs with molecular weight less than 5 K Da and partition coefficient of 10 to 100 can pass through it. Cornea is composed of three layers, the outermost layer is epithelium which is lipophilic in nature, middle layer is stroma which is hydrophilic in nature and innermost layer is endothelium which is lipophilic in nature. FORMULATION PARAMETERS : The formulation parameters to be considered in formulating a topical cystine eye drops are, Physico chemical drug properties :- Partition coefficient log p of the formulation should range from 10 to 100. Molecular weight – molecular weight of the formulation should be less than 5 K Da. Charge – charge of the drug should be positive. Buffer capacity and pH :- eye drops should be formulated with a pH range of 7.0 to 7.7. If the pH is 7, 99% of the drug remains in unionized form and favors the permeation through lipophilic epithelium. If the pH is more than 7, most of the drug ionizes and easily diffuses through the hydrophilic stroma. Viscosity : viscosity of the eye drop preparation must be around 15 m Pa. Instillation volume :- instillation volume must be less than 30 Â µl because cul – de – sac can hold up to 30 Â µl. Osmotic pressure :- osmotic pressure of the eye drop must range between 310 to 350 m osm/kg Antioxidants :- cystine itself acts as a antioxidant, no other preservatives are required. FORMULATION APPROACH : Colloidal ocular delivery systems like micro emulsions are used to deliver the antioxidant cystine in the form of topical eye drops. Micro emulsions : Micro-emulsions acts as vehicles for the delivery of antioxidant cystine in the form of topical eye drops. In micro emulsions phase transition will occur between the bi-continuous micro-emulsion, oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, and lamellar crystals. Components of micro emulsions are, Water. Oils like mineral oil, vegetable oils, di and triglycerides, fatty acid ester. Surfactant – non ionic, amphoteric and less commonly anionic and cationic surfactants are used. Co-surfactant – short and medium chain alcohols are used as co-surfactants. Advantages of phase transitions of micro-emulsions W/O micro :-emulsion : these micro-emulsions are responsible for protection of water soluble drugs and sustained release of water soluble drugs. O/W micro-emulsions :- these micro-emulsions are responsible for increasing solubility of lipophilic drugs. Bi-continuous micro-emulsions :- these micro-emulsions are having good wetting and spreading properties on the ocular surface hence these are used in ocular drug delivery systems. Micro-emulsions are having low viscosity hence it is easy to instill. These micro-emulsions are thermodynamically stable. These are easy to prepare, no mixing is required. In these micro-emulsions we can detect the phase separation easily, drug precipitation and microbial contamination. Micro-emulsions are used as vehicles due to solubilization of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. By using the micro-emulsions as vehicles we can increase the bio-availability of drugs. Glaucoma is anterior segment disease characterized by raised intra ocular pressure, which results in the loss of regional ganglia cells and degeneration of optic nerve. Glaucoma is the main ocular disease responsible for blindness. Antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) helps in curing glaucoma disease. Antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) : These are single stranded DNA fragments of 10 to 30 nucleotides, complementary to the target mRNA. Mechanism of action – Generally, DNA transcripts mRNA in the nucleus and this mRNA enters into the cytoplasm and ribosomes translate the mRNA. Finally results in the formation of proteins. Antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) having complementary base sequence to that of mRNA binds with mRNA and prevents the formation of Cx proteins from it. Delivery route : I would like to choose intra-vitreous delivery route because, periocular injections of antisense oligonucleotides is responsible for poor stability and it is difficult for antisense oligonucleotides to penetrate through the cells. Intra-vitreous injection : It is the injection of antisense oligonucleotides into the vitreous with the help of a needle. In the treatment of many of the ocular diseases intra-vitreous administration of drugs is used. Advantages of intra-vitreous injection : This delivery route is responsible for achieving high concentration of drug in the vitreous. There will be no side effects, because it is not a systemic administration. Disadvantages of intra-vitreous injection : From the vitreous, many drugs are rapidly cleared due to blood – retinal barrier, therefore repeated dose administration is required. Frequent injections leads to endopthalmitis, lens damage, detachment of retina. FORMULATION PARAMETERS :- Chemical modification : chemical modification of antisense oligonucleotides leads to increased or decreased solubility, stability etc.. Phospho-diester group :- By replacing oxygen from the phospho-diester group with sulphur, stability and solubility increases and RNase H cleavage will occur. By replacing oxygen with methyl group there is increased stability but decrease in solubility, due to lack of charge cellular uptake will not occur, no RNase H activity. Sugar moiety modification :- By adding a alkyl group at the 2nd position of ribose, there is increase in hydrophilicity and binding affinity but mismatches will occur and no RNase H cleavage. Other modification :- Replacement of phospho-diester group with polyamide results in high affinity to mRNA but aqueous solubility decreases, cellular uptake decreases and no RNase H cleavage. FORMULATION APPROACH :- To prevent antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) from enzymatic degradation and to improve the cellular uptake a variety of formulation approaches have been put forward. They are, liposomes, nanoparticles, peptides, dendrimers, and physical methods. Among these i would like to choose multi functional dendrimer carriers. Dendrimer carriers :- Dendrimers are branched molecules and spherical in nature. Dendrimers are divided into low molecular weight and high molecular weight species. The properties of dendrimers depends on the functional groups at their molecular level. Dendrimers are cationic in nature and possess positive charge on it. Antisense oligonucleotides shows its therapeutic effect at cytoplasmic level and these antisense oligonucleotides are anionic in nature and possess negative charge. During the formulation, dendrimer undergoes complexation and condensation with antisense oligonucleotides. The functional groups present at the molecular level are. Cell penetrating peptide :- TAT peptide is derived from human immunodeficiency virus and it acts as a cell penetrating peptide. TAT helps in cellular uptake of dendrimer antisense oligonucleotide complex. Fusogenic peptide :- Dendrimer- antisense oligonucleotide complex binds to the cell membrane than enters in to the cell through endocytosis. These fusogenic peptide helps in endisomal escape. Influenza virus hemagglutinin subunit-2 is a fusogenic peptide. Lipoamino acid :- This functional group helps in improving permeability and stability. Example, C14 Disadvantage of dendrimer carrier : cytotoxicity increases due to the presence of cell penetrating peptides and fusogenic peptides REFERENCE :- Dr Ilva Rupenthal lecture notes given on 4th April 2014.

How College Aids You in Life :: Education College University

Have you ever thought how college could help you improve in life? College is important because it helps you get a good career, good education, and rewards you with vacations. To begin with, college helps one get a good career. In particular, people that have a good education have a much easier time finding success in their life. Most of the highest paying jobs in the world require a college education. In the same way, a college education helps one earn much more money. Having a degree makes sure that you will keep that job and will help you earn a bigger salary within the years you work. In addition, having a college education can help your health and keep you happy. People that enjoy their careers are much happier and have a higher level of well being. Unquestionably, a college education gives you a better paying job. In addition, going to college gives you a good education. For example, a good college education gives you wisdom. Most of college educated people have lots of education, and gives you lots of knowledge. Next, a college education gives you lots of intelligence. A college educated person will a lot on many things especially on what they majored in. Also, a college educated person has autonomy. A person with a college education that has autonomy is independent and has freedom. Obviously, having s college education makes you a better person. Next, going to college rewards you with vacations. Specifically, you go on many vacations. When you have a steady job you earn at least two vacations. Correspondingly, when you are on a vacation you learn that culture. If you go to different places you learn how people talk, eat, how they dress, and how they act. In addition, when you take vacations you go wherever place you want. How College Aids You in Life :: Education College University Have you ever thought how college could help you improve in life? College is important because it helps you get a good career, good education, and rewards you with vacations. To begin with, college helps one get a good career. In particular, people that have a good education have a much easier time finding success in their life. Most of the highest paying jobs in the world require a college education. In the same way, a college education helps one earn much more money. Having a degree makes sure that you will keep that job and will help you earn a bigger salary within the years you work. In addition, having a college education can help your health and keep you happy. People that enjoy their careers are much happier and have a higher level of well being. Unquestionably, a college education gives you a better paying job. In addition, going to college gives you a good education. For example, a good college education gives you wisdom. Most of college educated people have lots of education, and gives you lots of knowledge. Next, a college education gives you lots of intelligence. A college educated person will a lot on many things especially on what they majored in. Also, a college educated person has autonomy. A person with a college education that has autonomy is independent and has freedom. Obviously, having s college education makes you a better person. Next, going to college rewards you with vacations. Specifically, you go on many vacations. When you have a steady job you earn at least two vacations. Correspondingly, when you are on a vacation you learn that culture. If you go to different places you learn how people talk, eat, how they dress, and how they act. In addition, when you take vacations you go wherever place you want.

Unexpected Benefits

In the fourteenth century, the face of Europe was forever changed by a devastating event known as the Black Plague. This plague would rear its ugly head time and again throughout Europe in lesser outbreaks right up through the eighteenth century, when it finally disappeared from the continent for good. However, its initial appearance happened in the fourteenth century, and this debut performance was its most dramatic and destructive.Called the â€Å"great mortality† by contemporary writers1, for the great number of people killed in the outbreak, the term â€Å"black plague† or â€Å"black death† became more commonly used later on as more outbreaks hit the European continent. Carried by fleas on rats, the Black Plague is now commonly thought to be bubonic plague, a disease characterized by sub-dermal hemorrhages that blacken the skin; it is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate. It is thought that Black Plague first entered Europe from Asia, along the si lk roads that merchants used to travel between the continents for the purposes of trade. 4 1Boccaccio, Giovani.The Decameron. Signet Classics: New York. 2002 (reissue). 4Kelly, John. The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time. Harper Collins: New York. 2005. When the Black Plague first hit Europe, the conditions in Europe were ripe for a devastating outbreak. Warfare and a widespread famine that lasted nearly a century had weakened the population of Europe to the point that the people were extremely vulnerable to disease. Famine also hurt productivity by weakening workers, thus further reducing the output of food and other necessary goods; it was an ugly, self-perpetuating cycle.In a population already suffering and on the brink of disaster, the Black Plague, which first made its European appearance in 1347, was a final push toward a dramatic re-alignment of society. Over one-third of the population of Europe was killed by th e Black Plague (and over half the population in Britain). It wiped out entire families, and even entire communities. When it was over, the stunned and decimated population had to face a virtual rebuilding of their entire society from scratch.However, as devastating as the Black Plague was on the inhabitants of Europe, and as hard as things were on the survivors, the Black Plague did have some unexpected benefits for the survivors and their descendants, benefits that would improve the overall quality of life for everyone in Europe, peasants included, for generations to come. One of the most immediate benefits to survivors of the Black Plague was an increase in wages. Before the population was decimated by the Black Plague, Europe had been drastically overpopulated for its resources, resulting in widespread poverty, especially among the peasants.After the Black Plague, however, labor came at a premium, due to the reduction in the population. There were not nearly as many people availa ble to do much-needed work, and therefore those who were available to do it were more sought-after. As a result, wages increased, because employers were now competing for the smaller pool of workers, rather than workers competing for a smaller pool of jobs, as had been the case before. With higher wages, survivors were better able to provide for their families, and the standard of living for many families dramatically increased.In fact, some families fortunes increased so dramatically that they began to live as the nobility did, dressing in fine clothes, living in fine houses, and even employing servants of their own. In some European countries, the nobility were so threatened by the new upward mobility of the peasants that laws were enacted that regulated just what the peasant class could wear and where they could live, so as to prevent the peasant class from mingling with the nobility or trying to become part of the nobility2.In fact, increased opportunities for social advancement were another unexpected benefit of the Black Plague for survivors. Before the Black Plague, Europe was fairly 2Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World it Made. Harper Perennial: New York. 2002. entrenched in the feudal system, whereby peasants worked the land for wealthy nobles, being allowed to take only a small portion of the harvest they worked to bring in for their own use, and being pretty much tied to the land of their patron for life.After the Black Plague, the surviving population realized it now had options. With so few peasants available to work the land, landlords began competing to attract tenants to their estates, a phenomenon that was new in Europe. Previous to the Black Plague, landlords had a self-propagating population of peasants on their land, generation upon generation of families that stayed on the same land, on the same estate, and worked under whatever conditions the landlord set, as there was nowhere else for them to go.Howev er, after the Black Plague, landlords offered incentives for peasants to come work their land, incentives ranging from actual wages to improved living conditions to increased freedoms. In fact, some historians believe that the conditions in Europe just after the end of the initial Black Plague laid the roots of what was to become capitalism centuries later. A reduction in the population also meant that there was an increase in the amount of fertile land available to the population.With entire families wiped out, sometimes noble or land-owning families, their land became available, land that had often been in the same family for centuries. This opening up of new land created opportunities not only for landlords to increase their holdings and attract new peasants to work for them, but also created opportunities for upwardly mobile peasants to become landowners in their own right. With land available for those who could afford to purchase it, many peasants found that their newfound inc rease in wages also bought them the opportunity to become settled on their own land, and, in effect, their own masters.The Black Plague also, in effect, put an end to the century-long famine in Europe. With fewer people to feed, there was more food available for those who were left. The opening up of new, tillable land on which to grow food, the demand for labor that produced more food, and the increase in wages that allowed a family to buy more food, all led to an increase in consumable food available for everyone. As a result of the Black Plague, the survivors became better nourished and healthier, and thus better able to work to produce more food, as well as better able to fight off new outbreaks of disease as they came.Even with an increase in wages and other benefits attracting most of the available workers after the Black Plague, there were still too few people around to work to do everything that needed to be done in the time in which it needed to be done. Therefore, out of n eed, a plethora of labor-saving devices began to be invented following the Black Plague. These devices helped to speed along necessary work, and reduced the number of people necessary to complete certain jobs. The spinning wheel is an excellent example of this.The spinning wheel was a post-Black Plague invention that dramatically reduced the time and effort involved in turning wool into thread. 3 With more thread able to be produced more quickly than by traditional methods, cloth was able to be weaved quicker and in greater quantities, thus creating an abundance of fabric available for sale and for personal use. Springs and gears were invented to control the hands of clocks. Horseshoes and spring carriages were invented that eased the burden of travel and increased its efficiency.Three-crop field rotation was invented, which increased farming efficiency by dropping the old idea of individual farming plots and introducing the idea of open-field communal farming. In addition, heavier plows with wheels and horizontal plowshares were invented, which saved much time and labor in the process of farming. Finally, the ultimate of all medieval inventions, the printing press, was invented post-Black Plague, an invention that saved an enormous amount of time and energy by ending the need of copying books by hand, thus making the written word more widely available to the general public.3 3Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Harvard University Press: Cambridge. 1997. The effects of the Black Plague were felt in every facet of life, not just social and economic. The Black Plague utterly changed the face of life in Europe forever. The plague even affected the art of the times. Whereas before the Black Plague, religious themes were the most common topic of art, after the Black Plague, a more pessimistic feeling pervaded a society that was terrified of the plague returning.As a result, themes of death became dominant in the artwork for more than a century after the plague. The prestige and authority of the Church were also negatively affected by the Black Plague. Because the church was not able to cure victims of the plague, or even explain what was causing the plague, cynicism of the church grew among the populace. As a result, many sought out alternatives to the traditional church, particularly through smaller religious cults such as self-flagellants (who flogged themselves in atonement for the sins that supposedly brought on the plague).Others sought out secular solutions to ending the plague. Further, because so many monks died in the plague (from living in close quarters and from generously tending the sick), the church experienced an influx of new, less dedicated clergy, who were more opportunistic than the old guard, and contributed to an upcoming period of severe corruption within the Catholic church that eventually led to the Protestant Reformation. 2While the Black Plague was a devastating event for all of Europe , killing millions, it left behind conditions that lead to some positive changes in European society. While wiping out entire families and towns, the Black Plague nonetheless created a fertile ground for economic improvement and upward social mobility for the underclass in its wake. The Black Plague led to the downfall of the feudal system and created the conditions that later ushered in the Age of Enlightenment.It ushered in a new age of labor-saving inventions that changed the face of production in the world. Because it was such a powerful force on both society and the psyche, the Black Plague also ushered in an era of change in both art and religion, changes that eventually led to the Protestant Reformation, which in turn led to the founding of America by the Puritans. The Black Plague, though it destroyed, also provided the seeds of sowing something new and good. 2Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World it Made.Harper Perennial: New York. 2002. B ibliography Boccaccio, Giovani. The Decameron. Signet Classics: New York. 2002 (reissue). Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World it Made. Harper Perennial: New York. 2002. Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Harvard University Press: Cambridge. 1997. Kelly, John. The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time. Harper Collins: New York. 2005.

Racism, Sexism, And Sexism Essay - 976 Words

Everywhere I go, I see people wearing a multitude of different clothing, it’s something all humans do, we all have our own way of dressing. I get judged based on the things I wear, just how people are judged based on their race. What people wear can say a lot about them and make others act or think a certain way. Clothes can show the wearer’s thoughts, social status, enjoyments, jobs, and even more. People can often figure these things out just based on their clothes without even thinking about it. However, assumptions and stereotypes of any kind can be highly inaccurate. Clothism is as real as racism and sexism. Judging people based on the clothes they wear is the same as judging people based on their race. One thing that can be gathered about someone based on their clothes is their opinions. Political shirts saying to vote a certain way reflect the wearer’s political views. If someone wears a shirt that says â€Å"Vote for Pedro,† they’re probabl y voting for Pedro themselves and want to sway others to vote the same way. A shirt that has a musician’s name on it shows that the wearer likes their music. A jersey or hat of a sports team shows that they like that sport and team. I’ve worn political shirts for campaigns before. I’ve worn different artists’ shirts. I wear shirts of teams and schools. Wearing these clothing items was to show others my thoughts and opinions of the topics. Similar to how people dress, a person’s race can often times give leway to their opinions.Show MoreRelatedRacism, Sexism, And Sexism889 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructs that have made little progress such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. In reality vaccines and sexism are manmade, a vaccine is a manmade invention and sexism is a manmade idea. Neither would exist without human beings backing the idea that they are necessary. 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As well as, men being considered to manly to be ableRead MoreSexism And Racism Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesAllison Price English 3 12 August 2017 MLA Sexism and Racism within the American Judicial System There is blatant sexism and racism within the American Judicial System shown by a lack of convictions and inconsistent sentencing. Despite many small steps forward towards equality, injustice and systemic racism still find their way into the cases and verdicts we hear on the news every day. The battle for racial and gender equality is a fight that’s been fought diligently for centuries and while stepsRead MoreOppression : Racism And Sexism949 Words   |  4 PagesOppression thrives in America because a majority of its citizens believes forms of oppression such as racism and sexism are relics of the past. What they do not know is that instead of disappearing, racism and sexism have just become so normalized in the United States to the point where people see them as just parts of everyday life. Institution are the rules and establishments put in place to help regulate peoples’ life on a social and global scale. White, straight men have been creating these institutionsRea d MoreRacism and Sexism in Education1166 Words   |  5 Pageswhich produce and maintain racism and racial hatred; the study of the interaction between social class and ethnicity in social stratification, giving rise to both vertical and horizontal segments in the social structure of societies; the sociological analysis of how these issues have contributed to the specific features of social stratification in contemporary societies. Despite the importance of these empirical studies, it is argued that, in order to conceptualize racism, sociologists must set asideRead MoreRacism, Feminism, And Sexism1450 Words   |  6 Pagesheard it and seen it before, the many opinions and large voices that speak out on important matters. But, do we ever consider the true meaning on these important matters, or do we tend to listen to everyone else s thoughts to form our own? Racism, feminism and sexism are all three very common issues that many seen throughout the news stations and the media. We al l talk about how important making a change and standing up for what is right, but no one speaks up or says anything when a topic like theseRead MoreRacism, Sexism, And Classism1188 Words   |  5 PagesMerlyn Manoj April 13, 2016 Period 2 Kale Then and Now: Changes of Racism, Sexism, and Classism In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Jem and Scout, the protagonists in the book, experience and learn about the problems of racism, sexism, and classism when their father, Atticus, agrees to defend Tom Robinson, an African American, in a trial. Set in the 1930s, most people were treated unfairly because of their race, gender, or social class. Even though problems about race, gender, and classRead MoreReverse Sexism : Reverse Racism And Verse Sexism1308 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate that it is possible to experience some kind of reverse subjugation, right? Well no, not exactly. So, is reverse sexism possible? Is reverse racism possible? With a focus on systemic oppression in this essay, I attempt to answer these questions while defending the position that reverse racism and reverse sexism do not exist. I will discuss how reverse oppression – be it reverse racism, or female privilege – cannot exist because the very nature of oppression will not allow for it. I attempt to doRead MoreRacism And Sexism : A More Serious Issue Than Sexism1535 Words   |  7 PagesRacism and sexism are terms that have been debatable for centuries. Many argue that there is not a difference between the two. Some feel as though racism is a more serious issue than sexism and vice versa. From my perspective, racism and sexism are different, but have equal relevance in society. One factor that makes the two equal is discrimination. Racism is discrimination based on differences in color while sexism is discrimination based on gender. Racism is the belief that members of each raceRead More`` Sula `` : Themes Of Racism And Sexism1657 Words   |  7 PagesDate Word Count Racism and Sexism Throughout Toni Morrison’s novel, Sula, The two themes of racism and sexism are introduced. â€Å"The Bottom† is the African American society of which the novel is based off of. The town, itself, seems to even be a symbol of racism since it was only established because of an act of racism. The people in â€Å"The Bottom† are subjected to racism on a daily basis, however throughout the novel it becomes clear that even they because racist as well. The racism shown in the comments